Moscow Safety Guide
Health, security, and travel safety information
Emergency Numbers
Save these numbers before your trip.
Healthcare
What to know about medical care in Moscow.
Healthcare System
Russia has a dual healthcare system with public and private sectors. Public healthcare is free for Russian citizens but generally not accessible to tourists. Foreign visitors typically use private clinics and hospitals, which offer higher standards of care and English-speaking staff.
Hospitals
Major private hospitals and clinics serving foreigners include European Medical Center (EMC), American Medical Center, and Medsi. These facilities accept international insurance and provide Western-standard care. They are significantly more expensive than public facilities but offer English-speaking staff and familiar treatment protocols. Many hotels can arrange doctor visits or recommend appropriate facilities.
Pharmacies
Pharmacies (аптека/apteka) are abundant throughout Moscow and marked with a green cross. Many are open 24 hours. Prescription medications require a prescription from a Russian doctor, though enforcement varies. Common over-the-counter medications are available, but bring sufficient supplies of any regular medications as brands and formulations differ. Pharmacists rarely speak English outside of international clinics.
Insurance
Comprehensive travel health insurance is absolutely essential and often required for visa applications. Ensure your policy covers medical evacuation, as treatment costs at private facilities can be very high. Keep all receipts and medical documentation for insurance claims.
Healthcare Tips
- Bring a complete supply of prescription medications in original packaging with a copy of your prescription
- Carry a translation of your medical conditions and allergies in Russian
- International clinics require payment upfront or proof of insurance coverage before treatment
- Water is generally safe to drink from taps in Moscow, but many visitors prefer bottled water
- Ensure routine vaccinations are up to date; no special vaccines are required for Moscow
- Winter temperatures can cause frostbite; dress appropriately in layers during cold months
Common Risks
Be aware of these potential issues.
Pickpocketing and bag snatching occur in crowded areas, particularly targeting tourists who appear distracted or unfamiliar with their surroundings. Thieves often work in teams to distract victims.
Police have the authority to check identification documents at any time. While legitimate checks occur, there have been reports of officers requesting bribes or issuing questionable fines to foreigners.
Moscow traffic is aggressive and congested. Drivers often do not yield to pedestrians, even at marked crossings. Accidents involving pedestrians are common, and winter ice makes conditions more hazardous.
Unofficial taxis and private drivers may overcharge tourists, take indirect routes, or in rare cases, be involved in robbery or assault. Language barriers can lead to disputes over fares.
Moscow experiences harsh winters with temperatures often dropping below -20°C (-4°F). Frostbite and hypothermia are risks for unprepared visitors. Summer can bring sudden thunderstorms and occasional heatwaves.
There have been reports of drinks being spiked in bars and nightclubs, leading to robbery or worse. This particularly affects solo travelers in nightlife venues.
Foreign visitors must register their presence with authorities within seven business days of arrival. Failure to register can result in fines or deportation. Hotels typically handle this automatically, but private accommodation requires manual registration.
Scams to Avoid
Watch out for these common tourist scams.
Individuals posing as police officers approach tourists, claim there's a problem with their documents or that they need to check for counterfeit currency, then either steal money/valuables or demand payment of a 'fine.' Some may show fake identification.
Taxi drivers use rigged meters, claim the meter is broken and quote inflated prices, or take unnecessarily long routes to increase fares. Airport taxis are particularly notorious for overcharging tourists.
Tourists, often men, are approached by attractive locals who invite them to a bar or club. Once inside, they're pressured to buy overpriced drinks for themselves and their new 'friends.' Bills can reach thousands of dollars, and security prevents leaving without payment.
Unofficial money changers offer attractive rates but use sleight of hand to short-change tourists, swap bills, or provide counterfeit currency. Some exchange offices display good rates but add hidden fees or use unfavorable calculation methods.
One person creates a distraction (spilling something on you, asking for directions, dropping items) while an accomplice steals your bag, wallet, or phone. Common variations include someone pointing out 'bird droppings' on your clothes or asking you to take a photo.
Individuals sell counterfeit tickets to popular attractions, shows, or events at or near tourist sites. The tickets appear legitimate but are refused at entry, leaving tourists without recourse.
Rental properties advertised online look perfect but upon arrival, the actual accommodation is different, in poor condition, or doesn't exist. The host may then offer an 'alternative' at a higher price or refuse refunds.
Criminals install devices on ATMs to capture card information and PIN codes, then create duplicate cards to steal from accounts. Some scammers also use fake ATMs or tampered machines.
Safety Tips
Practical advice to stay safe.
Documentation and Legal
- Always carry your original passport and migration card; police can request these at any time and photocopies may not be accepted
- Keep digital and physical copies of all important documents stored separately from originals
- Ensure your visa is valid for your entire stay and understand its restrictions (tourist visas don't allow work)
- Register your presence within seven business days of arrival (hotels do this automatically; private stays require manual registration)
- Understand that Russian law applies to you; ignorance of the law is not a defense
- Avoid any political demonstrations or gatherings; foreigners can be detained and deported for participation
- Be aware that photographing military installations, bridges, and certain government buildings is prohibited
Transportation Safety
- Use the metro system, which is safe, efficient, and affordable; watch for pickpockets during rush hours
- Download Yandex.Metro app for navigation; most signs are in Cyrillic only
- Book taxis through apps (Yandex.Taxi, Uber) rather than hailing on the street
- Avoid unofficial taxis and private drivers who approach you at airports or stations
- If driving, know that traffic rules are often ignored; drive defensively and expect aggressive behavior
- Use pedestrian underpasses and overpasses; crossing at grade is dangerous even at marked crosswalks
- Keep valuables out of sight in vehicles; car break-ins do occur in parking areas
Money and Valuables
- Use ATMs inside banks during business hours to avoid skimming devices
- Carry only what you need for the day; leave excess cash and cards in hotel safe
- Be discreet when handling money; don't flash large amounts of cash in public
- Notify your bank of travel plans to avoid card blocks
- Keep emergency cash in US Dollars or Euros in a separate location from your main funds
- Be aware that credit cards are not universally accepted; carry sufficient rubles
- Use hotel safes for passports and valuables when going out
- Photograph or record serial numbers of valuable electronics
Communication
- Learn basic Russian phrases; English is not widely spoken outside tourist areas
- Have your hotel address and key destinations written in Cyrillic
- Download offline maps and translation apps before arrival
- Purchase a local SIM card for reliable communication and data access
- Keep your embassy contact information readily available in your phone
- Share your itinerary with family or friends back home
- Consider using a VPN as some websites and services may be restricted
Food and Drink Safety
- Tap water is generally safe in Moscow but many prefer bottled water
- Eat at established restaurants; check reviews before trying new places
- Be cautious with street food; ensure it's freshly prepared and hot
- Never leave drinks unattended in bars or clubs
- Be aware that Russians drink heavily; pace yourself and know your limits
- Avoid homemade alcohol or suspiciously cheap spirits; counterfeit alcohol exists
- If you have food allergies, carry a translation card in Russian
Accommodation Safety
- Book accommodations through reputable platforms with verified reviews
- Ensure your hotel or host provides proper registration documentation
- Use hotel safes for valuables and important documents
- Check that room locks work properly; use deadbolts and chain locks when available
- Know emergency exits and evacuation procedures in your accommodation
- Be cautious about sharing accommodation details with strangers
- Keep your room number private; don't announce it in public areas
Cultural Awareness
- Dress modestly when visiting Orthodox churches; women should cover heads and shoulders
- Remove shoes when entering someone's home
- Be respectful of security measures; expect bag checks and metal detectors at many venues
- Avoid discussing politics, especially regarding Ukraine or international relations
- Photography may be prohibited in museums and churches; always ask permission
- Russians value personal space less than Westerners; expect crowding on public transport
- Smiling at strangers is uncommon; service staff may seem unfriendly by Western standards but this is normal
Technology and Cyber Security
- Avoid using public WiFi for sensitive transactions; use VPN if necessary
- Be cautious about what you post on social media regarding your location and plans
- Keep devices password-protected and enable remote wipe capabilities
- Back up important data before traveling
- Be aware that internet activity may be monitored
- Don't leave devices unattended in public places
- Consider using a separate travel email account for bookings and communications
Information for Specific Travelers
Safety considerations for different traveler groups.
Women Travelers
Moscow is generally safe for women travelers, including solo female visitors. Women can move around independently, use public transportation, and visit attractions without major concerns. However, as in any major city, women should take sensible precautions. Street harassment is less common than in some other countries, but can occur. The metro and public areas are well-lit and patrolled. Women are well-represented in Russian society and business, and female travelers are unlikely to face significant discrimination in tourist areas.
- Dress modestly to avoid unwanted attention; Russian women often dress more formally than Western tourists
- Avoid walking alone late at night in poorly lit or isolated areas; use taxis from reputable apps
- Be assertive and confident; project awareness of your surroundings
- Keep phone charged and easily accessible for emergencies
- Trust your instincts; if a situation feels uncomfortable, remove yourself
- Be cautious in bars and nightclubs; never leave drinks unattended
- Consider joining group tours or activities to meet other travelers
- Book accommodations in central, well-reviewed areas
- Avoid sharing too much personal information with strangers
- Learn basic Russian phrases including how to say 'leave me alone' (оставьте меня в покое)
- Carry a whistle or personal alarm if it makes you feel more secure
- Be aware that some men may be overly forward; firm refusals are usually respected
- Use the women-only carriages on some metro lines during rush hour if available
- Keep copies of important documents separate from originals
- Share your itinerary with friends or family back home
LGBTQ+ Travelers
Homosexuality is legal in Russia (decriminalized in 1993), but there are significant legal restrictions. The 'gay propaganda' law prohibits 'promotion of non-traditional sexual relationships' to minors, which has been broadly interpreted. Same-sex marriage is not recognized, and there are no anti-discrimination protections for LGBTQ+ individuals. The legal environment has become increasingly restrictive in recent years.
- Exercise discretion regarding sexual orientation and gender identity in public spaces
- Avoid public displays of affection with same-sex partners to prevent confrontation
- Research LGBTQ+-friendly accommodations and venues in advance; some establishments are welcoming but discreet
- Be cautious about using dating apps; there have been reports of entrapment and violence
- Do not wear visible LGBTQ+ symbols or clothing that might identify you as LGBTQ+
- Be aware that discussing LGBTQ+ topics publicly could be interpreted under propaganda laws
- Connect with local LGBTQ+ communities through trusted online resources before arrival
- Consider whether Moscow is the right destination given the current legal and social climate
- Have a cover story prepared if needed to explain relationships or travel companions
- Register with your embassy and understand what support they can provide
- Be extremely cautious if invited to LGBTQ+ events by strangers; verify legitimacy
- Know that police may not be supportive if you experience harassment or discrimination
- Consider travel insurance that explicitly covers LGBTQ+ travelers
- Be prepared for invasive questions about relationships or marital status
- Understand that the situation for LGBTQ+ individuals in Russia is challenging and potentially dangerous
Travel Insurance
Travel insurance is absolutely essential for visiting Moscow and is often required for visa applications. Medical care at private facilities suitable for foreigners is very expensive, and evacuation costs can be astronomical. Russian hospitals typically require payment upfront before providing treatment, and without insurance, you may be denied care or face bills in the tens of thousands of dollars. Additionally, the current geopolitical situation creates potential for trip disruptions, making comprehensive coverage even more critical.